Kurandura amazi yo mu nyanja byabaye inzozi abantu babarirwa mu magana, kandi habaye inkuru n'imigani yo kuvana umunyu mumazi yinyanja mugihe cya kera. Ikoreshwa ryinshi rya tekinoroji yo mu nyanja ryatangiriye mu karere ko mu burasirazuba bwo hagati bwumutse, ariko ntabwo bugarukira muri ako karere. Kubera hejuru ya 70% by'abatuye isi batuye mu birometero 120 by'inyanja, ikoranabuhanga ryangiza amazi yo mu nyanja ryakoreshejwe vuba mu bihugu byinshi no mu turere two hanze y'Uburasirazuba bwo hagati mu myaka 20 ishize.

Ariko mu kinyejana cya 16 ni bwo abantu batangiye gushyira ingufu mu kuvoma amazi meza mu nyanja. Muri icyo gihe, abashakashatsi b’i Burayi bakoresheje itanura ry’ubwato mu guteka amazi yo mu nyanja kugira ngo batange amazi meza mu rugendo rwabo rurerure. Gushyushya amazi yo mu nyanja kugirango bitange imyuka y'amazi, gukonjesha no guhunika kugirango ubone amazi meza ni uburambe bwa buri munsi kandi ni intangiriro yubuhanga bwo kwangiza amazi yo mu nyanja.

Kurandura amazi yo mu nyanja bigezweho nyuma yintambara ya kabiri yisi yose. Nyuma y'intambara, kubera iterambere rikomeye rya peteroli n'umurwa mukuru mpuzamahanga mu burasirazuba bwo hagati, ubukungu bw'akarere bwateye imbere vuba kandi abaturage bayo biyongera vuba. Ibikenerwa mu mazi meza muri kano karere ka mbere gakakaye byakomeje kwiyongera umunsi ku munsi. Imiterere yihariye y’imiterere n’imiterere y’ibihe byo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati, hamwe n’ingufu nyinshi z’ingufu, byatumye amazi y’inyanja ahitamo neza kugira ngo akemure ikibazo cy’ibura ry’amazi meza mu karere, kandi yashyize ahagaragara ibisabwa ku bikoresho binini byo mu nyanja. .

Kuva mu myaka ya za 1950, ikoranabuhanga ryangiza amazi yo mu nyanja ryihutishije iterambere ryaryo hiyongereyeho ikibazo cy’amazi. Muri tekinoroji zirenga 20 zateguwe zakozwe, gusibanganya, electrodialysis, hamwe na osose ihindagurika byose byageze ku rwego rw’umusaruro w’inganda kandi bikoreshwa henshi ku isi.

Mu ntangiriro ya za 1960, tekinoroji yo mu nyanja yangiza ibyuka byinshi, kandi inganda za kijyambere zo mu nyanja zinjira mu bihe byihuta cyane.

Hariho tekinoloji zirenga 20 zo ku isi zangiza amazi, harimo osose ihindagurika, gukora neza cyane, ibyuka byinshi byo mu kirere, electrodialysis, guhindagura amashyanyarazi, guhumeka kw'ikime, guhumeka amashanyarazi, gukoresha amashanyarazi ashyushye, no gukoresha ingufu za kirimbuzi, ingufu z'izuba, ingufu z'umuyaga, ingufu z'amazi yo mu nyanja yangiza amazi, hamwe nuburyo bwinshi bwo kubanza kuvura na nyuma yubuvuzi nka microfiltration, ultrafiltration, na nanofiltration.

Uhereye ku buryo bwagutse bwo gutondekanya ibintu, birashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: distillation (uburyo bwubushyuhe) nuburyo bwa membrane. Muri byo, imbaraga nke zo gusibanganya, ibyiciro byinshi bya flash evaporation, hamwe nuburyo bwa osmose membrane uburyo ni tekinoroji nyamukuru kwisi yose. Muri rusange, imikorere mike ifite ibyiza byo kubungabunga ingufu, ibisabwa bike mukwitegura amazi yinyanja, hamwe n’amazi meza y’amazi yanduye; Uburyo bwa rezo osmose membrane ifite ibyiza byo gushora imari muke no gukoresha ingufu nke, ariko bisaba ibisabwa cyane kugirango amazi yinyanja abeho; Uburyo bwinshi bwa flash evaporation uburyo bufite ibyiza nkikoranabuhanga rikuze, imikorere yizewe, hamwe nibikoresho binini bisohoka, ariko bifite ingufu nyinshi. Mubisanzwe abantu bizera ko uburyo buke bwo gutandukanya no guhindura osmose membrane inzira aribwo buryo bw'ejo hazaza.