Mu nganda zigezweho nka chimique, farumasi, ibiryo, n’imiti myiza, reakteri nimwe mubikoresho byibanze bitanga umusaruro, ikora ibintu bikomeye nko kuvanga ibikoresho, reaction yimiti, gushyushya no gukonjesha, hamwe na synthesis ya catalitiki. Mu bwoko butandukanye bwa reakteri, ibyuma bitagira umwanda byagaragaye nkibihitamo guhitamo umusaruro winganda kubera imikorere myiza kandi ikoreshwa cyane. None, ni ukubera iki ibyuma bitagira umwanda bitoneshwa kuruta ibindi bikoresho (nk'ibyuma bya karubone, enamel, cyangwa fiberglass)? Ni izihe nyungu zihariye zituma zidasimburwa? Iyi ngingo izakora isesengura ryimbitse riva mu bipimo byinshi, birimo ibintu bifatika, kurwanya ruswa, ibipimo by’umutekano, kubahiriza isuku, ubuzima bwa serivisi, n’ibiciro byo kubungabunga, kugira ngo hagaragazwe impamvu ibyuma bitagira umwanda bikwiranye n’umusaruro w’imiti.

1. Kurwanya ruswa nziza cyane, ibereye ibidukikije bigoye

Mubikorwa byo gutunganya imiti, itangazamakuru ryangirika cyane nka acide ikomeye, alkalis ikomeye, ibishishwa kama, na okiside ikunze kubigiramo uruhare. Niba ibikoresho byubwato butabyitwaramo ruswa, birashobora gukurura byoroshye kwangiza ibikoresho, kumeneka, cyangwa guhungabanya umutekano. Ibyuma bitagira umwanda (cyane cyane amanota asanzwe nka 304 na 316L) birimo ibintu bivangavanze nka chromium, nikel, na molybdenum, bigizwe na firime yuzuye kandi ihamye (chromium oxide layer) hejuru, bikarinda neza isuri ya substrate yicyuma nigitangazamakuru.

Dufashe nk'icyuma cya 316L kitagira umwanda, kirimo molybdenum ya 2% kugeza kuri 3%, ibyo bikaba byongera imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa ya chloride, bigatuma bikenerwa cyane cyane muburyo bwo kubyitwaramo muri saline, chlorine, cyangwa mumazi yinyanja. Ibinyuranye, ibyuma bisanzwe bya karubone bikunze kwibasirwa cyane nubushyuhe cyangwa aside, ntabwo bigira ingaruka kumiterere yibicuruzwa gusa ahubwo birashobora no gutuma umusaruro uhagarara no gusanwa bitewe no gutobora kwangirika. Kubwibyo, mubihe bikubiyemo kumara igihe kinini imiti yangirika, ibyuma byuma bidafite ingese byerekana ihame ntagereranywa no kwizerwa.

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Imiti myinshi yimiti isaba ubushyuhe bwinshi nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, nka polymerisation, esterification, na hydrogenation. Ibi birasaba ko reaktor ifite imbaraga zihagije zubukanishi hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro. Ibikoresho by'icyuma byerekana imbaraga zitanga umusaruro mwinshi n'imbaraga zingana, bibafasha gukomeza ubusugire bwimiterere munsi yumuvuduko mwinshi.

Hagati aho, ibyuma bidafite ingese bifite coeffisente nkeya yo kwagura ubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe buringaniye bwumuriro, bigatuma idakunda guhura nubushyuhe bukabije bwumuriro mugihe ihindagurika ryubushyuhe bukabije, bityo bikagabanya ibyago byo guturika biterwa numunaniro ukabije. Byongeye kandi, ibyuma bitagira umwanda mubisanzwe bifite ibikoresho bya jacket cyangwa coil kugirango bigabanye ubushyuhe mukuzenguruka amavuta yohereza ubushyuhe, amavuta, cyangwa amazi akonje. Ibikoresho byiza byo gusudira hamwe no gufunga imikorere yicyuma kitagira ingese byemeza imikorere yizi sisitemu zifasha.

3. Imikorere myiza yisuku, yujuje ibisabwa byisuku

Mu nganda zifite isuku nyinshi cyane, nka farumasi, ibinyabuzima, n’inyongeramusaruro y’ibiribwa, reaction ntizigomba koroshya imiti gusa ahubwo inubahiriza ibipimo bya GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice). Icyuma kitagira umwanda, gifite ubuso bwacyo bworoshye, kutagira inguni zapfuye, koroshya isuku, no kurwanya imikurire ya bagiteri, ni ibikoresho byiza byo mu rwego rw’isuku.

Urukuta rw'imbere rw'icyuma, rwarangijwe no gusiga indorerwamo (Ra ≤ 0.4μm), ntirurinda gusa ibisigazwa by'ibikoresho ahubwo runirinda kwanduzanya, byorohereza CIP (Isuku-mu-mwanya) na SIP (Sterilize-mu-mwanya).

Iyi ni ingorabahizi reaction ya emamel irwanira gutsinda byimazeyo - nubwo irwanya ruswa nziza, iyo imaze kwangirika, icyuma gishobora kwangirika vuba, kandi gusana biragoye. Ibinyuranye, ibyuma bidafite ingese birashobora gusanwa hifashishijwe gusudira no gusya nubwo byangiritse mukarere, bigatanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kubungabunga.

Muri make, impanvu ibyuma bitagira umwanda bikwiranye n’umusaruro w’imiti ni uguhuza kwangirika kwangirika, imbaraga nyinshi, umutekano uruta iyindi, koroshya isuku, ubuzima bumara igihe kirekire, no kubungabunga ibidukikije. Ibiranga bibafasha guhuza nibisabwa bitandukanye kandi bisaba imikorere. Haba gukoresha itangazamakuru ryangirika cyane, gukora ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe n’umuvuduko mwinshi, cyangwa byujuje ubuziranenge bw’isuku, ibyuma bitagira umwanda bitanga ibisubizo bihamye kandi byizewe. Kubera iyo mpamvu, mu nganda zigezweho za chimique zikurikirana imikorere, umutekano, niterambere rirambye, ibyuma bitagira umwanda ntibigaragaza iterambere ryikoranabuhanga gusa ahubwo binagira urufatiro rukomeye rwo kwemeza umusaruro mwiza no guhangana kurwego rwibigo.